Linux常用查看系統(tǒng)硬件信息的命令

本篇內(nèi)容主要講解“Linux常用查看系統(tǒng)硬件信息的命令”，感興趣的朋友不妨來(lái)看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡(jiǎn)單快捷，實(shí)用性強(qiáng)。下面就讓小編來(lái)帶大家學(xué)習(xí)“Linux常用查看系統(tǒng)硬件信息的命令”吧!

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執(zhí)行環(huán)境：ubuntu 16.04

1. cpu

lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息.

root@ubuntu:/home/peng/# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 #cpu架構(gòu) CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian #小尾序 CPU(s): 1 #總共有1核 On-line CPU(s) list: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 #每個(gè)cpu核，只能支持一個(gè)線程，即不支持超線程 Core(s) per socket: 1 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu產(chǎn)商 intel CPU family: 6 Model: 158 Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7500 CPU @ 3.40GHz Stepping: 9 CPU MHz: 3408.070 BogoMIPS: 6816.14 Hypervisor vendor: VMware Virtualization type: full #支持cpu虛擬化技術(shù) L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 6144K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0

查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每個(gè)cpu信息，如每個(gè)CPU的型號(hào)，主頻等。

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 158 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7500 CPU @ 3.40GHz stepping : 9 microcode : 0x48 cpu MHz : 3408.070 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 22 wp : yes .....2. 內(nèi)存

概要查看內(nèi)存情況

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1970 702 315 13 952 1025 Swap: 974 20 954

這里的單位是MB，總共的內(nèi)存是1970MB。

查看內(nèi)存詳細(xì)使用

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2017516 kB MemFree: 242020 kB MemAvailable: 1003240 kB Buffers: 104192 kB Cached: 699824 kB SwapCached: 1832 kB Active: 696320 kB Inactive: 639924 kB Active(anon): 236412 kB Inactive(anon): 301996 kB Active(file): 459908 kB Inactive(file): 337928 kB Unevictable: 48 kB Mlocked: 48 kB .....

查看內(nèi)存硬件信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 3.0 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0084, DMI type 5, 46 bytes Memory Controller Information Error Detecting Method: None Error Correcting Capabilities: None Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave Current Interleave: One-way Interleave Maximum Memory Module Size: 32768 MB Maximum Total Memory Size: 491520 MB Supported Speeds: 70 ns 60 ns Supported Memory Types: FPM EDO DIMM SDRAM Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V Associated Memory Slots: 15 .....

內(nèi)存最大值是 491520 MB。

3. 磁盤

查看硬盤和分區(qū)分布

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom sda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk ├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 975M 0 part [SWAP] └─sda1 8:1 0 499G 0 part /

查看硬盤和分區(qū)的詳細(xì)信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x9c674a44 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 1046575103 1046573056 499G 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1046577150 1048573951 1996802 975M 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1046577152 1048573951 1996800 975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris4. 網(wǎng)卡

查看網(wǎng)卡硬件信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)

查看系統(tǒng)的所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ifconfig -a ens33 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:bb:bd:40 inet addr:192.168.0.117 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::76fa:5548:3da0:2ef/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:174629 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:105285 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:237519396 (237.5 MB) TX bytes:9592767 (9.5 MB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:854 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:854 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:60894 (60.8 KB) TX bytes:60894 (60.8 KB)

或者是

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:bb:bd:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

或者

如果要查看某個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的詳細(xì)信息，例如ens33的詳細(xì)參數(shù)和指標(biāo)

【有的ubuntu網(wǎng)口是eth0】

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ethtool ens33 Settings for ens33: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full #支持千兆半雙工，全雙工模式 1000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #默認(rèn)使用自適應(yīng)模式 Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 1000Mb/s #網(wǎng)卡的速度是1000Mb Duplex: Full #全雙工 Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: off (auto) Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes #表示有網(wǎng)線連接，和路由是通的5. pci

查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset Host Bridge (rev 04) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset AGP Bridge(rev 04) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM USB (Hub #1) (rev 02) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM USB (Hub #2) (rev 02) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev 42) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801CAM ISA Bridge (LPC) (rev 02) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801CAM IDE U100 (rev 02) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM SMBus Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller:Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.6 Modem: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM AC'97 Modem Controller (rev 02) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation NV17 [GeForce4 420 Go](rev a3) 02:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. IEEE 1394 Host Controller(rev 46) 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+(rev 10) 02:04.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ6933 Cardbus Controller (rev 01) 02:04.1 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ6933 Cardbus Controller (rev 01)

由上述的輸出可以看到，我的電腦上共有3個(gè)PCI總線(0號(hào)，1號(hào)，2號(hào))。在單個(gè)系統(tǒng)上，插入多個(gè)總線是通過橋(bridge)來(lái)完成的，橋是一種用來(lái)連接總線的特殊PCI外設(shè)。所以，PCI系統(tǒng)的整體布局組織為樹型，我們可以通過上面的lspci輸出，來(lái)畫出我的電腦上的PCI系統(tǒng)的樹型結(jié)構(gòu)：

由上圖可以得出，我的電腦上共有8個(gè)PCI設(shè)備，其中0號(hào)總線上(主橋)上連有4個(gè)，1號(hào)總線上連有1個(gè)，2號(hào)總線上連有3個(gè)。00:1f是一個(gè)連有5個(gè)功能的多功能板卡。

如果要更詳細(xì)的信息:

lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv

如果要看設(shè)備樹:lscpi -t

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci -t6. usb

查看usb信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

lsusb -t查看系統(tǒng)中的USB拓?fù)?，類似cat /sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsusb -t /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M |__ Port 2: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/7p, 12M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/6p, 480M

/var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids還保存了很多設(shè)備商的VID信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids | grep King 7778 Counterfeit flash drive [Kingston] 0100 Kingston Flash Drive (128MB) c010 Kingston FCR-HS2/ATA Card Reader 07cb Kingmax Technology, Inc. 4100 Kingsun SF-620 Infrared Adapter 4959 Kingsun KS-959 Infrared Adapter 0015 Kingston DataTraveler ELITE 0016 Kingston DataTraveler U3 0998 Kingston Data Traveler2.0 Disk Driver 0999 Kingston Data Traveler2.0 Disk Driver 6519 Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 USB Stick 653c Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (512M) 653d Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (1GB) 6544 TransMemory-Mini / Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (2GB) 6545 Kingston DataTraveler 102/2.0 / HEMA Flash Drive 2 GB / PNY Attache 4GB Stick 0951 Kingston Technology 0d8a King Jim Co., Ltd 00a3 Smart King PRO Uninterruptible Power Supply (HID PDC) 0e56 Kingston Technology Company, Inc. 0f8e Kingnet Technology Co., Ltd 13fe Kingston Technology Company Inc. 1f00 Kingston DataTraveler / Patriot Xporter 1687 Kingmax Digital Inc. 16df King Billion Electronics Co., Ltd. 2149 EntropyKing Random Number Generator

lsusb -v查看系統(tǒng)中USB設(shè)備的詳細(xì)信息

lsusb -v7. lshw查看所有硬件摘要信息

下面命令可以查看所有硬件摘要信息，并輸出成一個(gè)html文件，把此html文件導(dǎo)出到電腦上，直接打開，可以清楚的看到硬件信息：

lshw -html > /hardware.html8. lsscsi查看SCSI控制器設(shè)備的信息

可以看到SCSI信息和所有虛擬磁盤以及光驅(qū)的信息，如果沒有硬件SCSI控制器，那就不會(huì)返回信息：

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsscsi [2:0:0:0] disk VMware, VMware Virtual S 1.0 /dev/sda [4:0:0:0] cd/dvd NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 1.00 /dev/sr0

插入一個(gè)U盤后再查看：

root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsscsi [2:0:0:0] disk VMware, VMware Virtual S 1.0 /dev/sda [4:0:0:0] cd/dvd NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 1.00 /dev/sr0 [33:0:0:0] disk Kingston DataTraveler G2 1.00 /dev/sdb

可以看到U盤為Kingston。

9. 查看bios信息root@ubuntu:/home/peng# dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 3.0 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD Version: 6.00 Release Date: 07/29/2019 Address: 0xEA480 Runtime Size: 88960 bytes ROM Size: 64 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported EDD is supported Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported Smart battery is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Function key-initiated network boot is supported Targeted content distribution is supported BIOS Revision: 4.6 Firmware Revision: 0.0

dmidecode以一種可讀的方式dump出機(jī)器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。這些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到當(dāng)前的配置，也可以得到系統(tǒng)支持的最大配置，比如說支持的最大內(nèi)存數(shù)等。

如果要查看所有有用信息

dmidecode -q

本文名稱：Linux常用查看系統(tǒng)硬件信息的命令
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