Oracle備份恢復(fù)中熱備份恢復(fù)及異機(jī)恢復(fù)的原理是什么

Oracle備份恢復(fù)中熱備份恢復(fù)及異機(jī)恢復(fù)的原理是什么，針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，這篇文章詳細(xì)介紹了相對(duì)應(yīng)的分析和解答，希望可以幫助更多想解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的小伙伴找到更簡(jiǎn)單易行的方法。

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Oracle備份恢復(fù)之熱備份恢復(fù)及異機(jī)恢復(fù)

原理：

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)必須運(yùn)行在歸檔模式下，否則備份沒(méi)有意義。備份前凍結(jié)塊頭，使scn號(hào)不變化，然后cp物理文件，最后解凍塊頭。此過(guò)程dml語(yǔ)句可以正常執(zhí)行，動(dòng)作被寫(xiě)在日志文件里面，當(dāng)解凍scn號(hào)后，日志文件中內(nèi)容會(huì)自動(dòng)寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)文件。

流程：

1、全庫(kù)備份：

1）alter database begin backup;

2）cp物理文件

3）alter database end backup;

腳本：

spool /u01/oracle/jiaoben/bf2.sql

select 'ho cp '||name||' /u01/oracle/rebei/' from v$datafile;

spool off

alter database backup controlfile to '/u01/oracle/rebei/control.ctl';

create pfile='/u01/oracle/rebei/initorcl.ora' from spfile;

alter database begin backup;

@/u01/oracle/jiaoben/bf2.sql

alter database end backup;

2、表空間級(jí)備份：

1）alter tablespace <tablespace_name> begin backup;

2）cp表空間下數(shù)據(jù)文件

3）alter tablespace <tablespace_name> end backup;

腳本：

spool /u01/oracle/home/thot.sql

select 'alter tablespace '||tablespace_name||' begin backup;'||chr(10)||'ho cp '||file_name||' /u01/oracle/home/'||chr(10)||'alter tablespace '||tablespace_name||' end backup;'||chr(10) from dba_data_files;

spool off

start /u01/oracle/home/thot.sql

ho rm /u01/oracle/home/thot.sql

alter database backup controlfile to '/u01/oracle/home/control.ctl';

create pfile='/u01/oracle/home/initorcl.ora' from spfile;

恢復(fù)：能脫機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)文件即脫機(jī)恢復(fù)，不能脫機(jī)的啟動(dòng)到mount階段恢復(fù)。

1、users表空間丟失還原方法：

1）將數(shù)據(jù)文件脫機(jī)

2）物理cp備份文件

3）recover database

4）將數(shù)據(jù)文件聯(lián)機(jī)

2、system表空間丟失還原方法：

1）啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)到mount狀態(tài)

2）物理cp備份文件

3）recover database

4）alter database open;

3、所有數(shù)據(jù)文件丟失：

1）shutdown abort

2）startup mount

3）cp所有備份物理文件到數(shù)據(jù)文件目錄

4）recover database

5）alter database open

4、日志文件丟失

1）shutdown immediate

2）startup（自動(dòng)掛?。?/p>

3）recover database until cancel

4）alter database open resetlogs

5、控制文件丟失恢復(fù)

1）shutdown abort

2）startup（自動(dòng)掛?。?/p>

3）將control文件cp回原位置

4）alter database mount

5）recover database using backup controlfile; > auto

6）recover database using backup controlfile; > 分別輸入在線日志路徑，回車(chē)

7）alter database open resetlogs

6、控制文件、日志文件、數(shù)據(jù)文件丟失

1）shutdown abort

2）startup（自動(dòng)掛?。?/p>

3）將control文件cp回原位置

4）alter database mount

5）cp所有數(shù)據(jù)文件回原位置

6）recover database using backup controlfile until cancel

7）alter database open resetlogs

異機(jī)遷移恢復(fù)+小版本升級(jí)：（oracle 11g 11.2.0.1~oracle 11g 11.2.0.4）

1、將熱備份文件及歸檔日志傳至目標(biāo)機(jī)器

2、startup pfile='/備份pfile文件' mount;

3、recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

4、alter database open upgrade resetlogs;

該升級(jí)方法將丟失最近在線日志信息。

自己做的異機(jī)恢復(fù)實(shí)戰(zhàn)

LINUX操作系統(tǒng)REDHAT6.5

ORACLE是11.2.0.4

源庫(kù)做一個(gè)RMAN備份

復(fù)制備份文件到測(cè)試庫(kù)

在測(cè)試庫(kù)的操作：

記得先將備份文件放到一個(gè)oracle用戶(hù)有權(quán)限讀寫(xiě)的文件夾，然后把備份文件都授權(quán)oracle用戶(hù)可訪問(wèn)

chown oracle.oinstall full_bak*

其實(shí)就是改改用戶(hù)所屬就好

修改參數(shù)文件

vi /opt/pfile.ora

limsdb.__db_cache_size=4026531840

limsdb.__java_pool_size=33554432

limsdb.__large_pool_size=50331648

limsdb.__oracle_base='/home/db/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

limsdb.__pga_aggregate_target=1677721600

limsdb.__sga_target=5033164800

limsdb.__shared_io_pool_size=0

limsdb.__shared_pool_size=872415232

limsdb.__streams_pool_size=16777216

*.audit_file_dest='/home/db/u01/app/oracle/admin/limstest/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*.control_files='/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/control01.ctl','/home/db/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/limstest/control02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='limsdb'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/home/db/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832

*.diagnostic_dest='/home/db/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=limsdbXDB)'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=1672478720

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sga_target=5017436160

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

export ORACLE_SID=limsdb

rman target /

startup nomount pfile='/opt/pfile20190926.ora';

restore controlfile from '/opt/full_cont_LIMSDBxx_876748607_20190925_7356_1';

mount database;

catalog start with '/opt/bak/';

去源庫(kù)查詢(xún)下數(shù)據(jù)文件路徑select file#,name from v$datafile;

run{

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/system.256.942403651' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/system01.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/sysaux.257.942403655' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/sysaux01.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.942403659' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/undotbs1.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/users.259.942403659' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/users.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/undotbs2.271.942403927' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/undotbs2.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.281.943025409' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata01.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.282.943025591' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata02.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.283.943025709' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata03.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.284.943025841' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata04.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.285.943025965' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata05.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.286.943026085' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata06.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.287.943026201' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata07.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.288.943026369' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata08.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.289.943026563' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata09.dbf';

set newname for datafile '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.290.943026913' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata10.dbf';

restore database;

}

export ORACLE_SID=limsdb

sqlplus / as sysdba

alter database open;

alter database open resetlogs;

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/system.256.942403651'

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/system.256.942403651' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/system01.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/sysaux.257.942403655' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/sysaux01.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.942403659' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/undotbs1.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/users.259.942403659' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/users.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/undotbs2.271.942403927' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/undotbs2.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.281.943025409' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata01.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.282.943025591' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata02.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.283.943025709' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata03.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.284.943025841' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata04.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.285.943025965' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata05.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.286.943026085' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata06.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.287.943026201' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata07.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.288.943026369' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata08.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.289.943026563' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata09.dbf';

Alter database rename file '+DATA/limsdb/datafile/byhealth_data.290.943026913' to '/home/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/limstest/limsdata10.dbf';

Select group#,member from v$logfile order by 1;

alter database clear logfile group 9;

alter database clear logfile group 10;

alter database clear logfile group 11;

alter database clear logfile group 12;

alter database clear logfile group 13;

alter database clear logfile group 14;

alter database clear logfile group 15;

alter database clear logfile group 16;

alter database clear logfile group 17;

alter database clear logfile group 18;

在此之前記得先設(shè)置spfile

create spfile from pfile='/tmp/initorcl1.ora';

alter database open resetlogs;

recover database using backup controlfile;

auto

alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;

recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

cancel

alter database open resetlogs;

startup force;

alter database open resetlogs;

alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;

startup force;

關(guān)于Oracle備份恢復(fù)中熱備份恢復(fù)及異機(jī)恢復(fù)的原理是什么問(wèn)題的解答就分享到這里了，希望以上內(nèi)容可以對(duì)大家有一定的幫助，如果你還有很多疑惑沒(méi)有解開(kāi)，可以關(guān)注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)行業(yè)資訊頻道了解更多相關(guān)知識(shí)。

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