kubernetesIngress之Traefik各種姿勢

關(guān)于traefik

參考之前寫的一篇文檔:
https://blog.51cto.com/michaelkang/1918192

長沙縣ssl適用于網(wǎng)站、小程序/APP、API接口等需要進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸應(yīng)用場景,ssl證書未來市場廣闊!成為成都創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)的ssl證書銷售渠道,可以享受市場價格4-6折優(yōu)惠!如果有意向歡迎電話聯(lián)系或者加微信:13518219792(備注:SSL證書合作)期待與您的合作!

版本介紹

traefik:v1.7
k8s:v1.15.1

Ingress

Ingress是自kubernetes1.1版本后引入的資源類型。必須要部署Ingress controller才能創(chuàng)建Ingress資源,Ingress controller是以一種插件的形式提供。

使用 Ingress 時一般會有三個組件:
反向代理負(fù)載均衡器
Ingress Controller
Ingress

組件介紹

反向代理負(fù)載均衡器

反向代理負(fù)載均衡器很簡單,類似nginx,haproxy;在集群中反向代理負(fù)載均衡器可以自由部署,可以使用 Replication Controller、Deployment、DaemonSet 等等,推薦DaemonSet 的方式部署

Ingress Controller

Ingress Controller 實(shí)質(zhì)上可以理解為是個監(jiān)視器,Ingress Controller 通過不斷地跟 kubernetes API 打交道,實(shí)時的感知后端 service、pod 等變化,比如新增和減少 pod,service 增加與減少等;當(dāng)?shù)玫竭@些變化信息后,Ingress Controller 再結(jié)合下文的 Ingress 生成配置,然后更新反向代理負(fù)載均衡器,并刷新其配置,達(dá)到服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的作用

Ingress

Ingress 簡單理解就是個規(guī)則定義;比如說某個域名對應(yīng)某個 service,即當(dāng)某個域名的請求進(jìn)來時轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給某個 service;這個規(guī)則將與 Ingress Controller 結(jié)合,然后 Ingress Controller 將其動態(tài)寫入到負(fù)載均衡器配置中,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整體的服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)和負(fù)載均衡

部署traefik ingress 服務(wù)

如果您不熟悉Kubernetes中的Ingresses,您可能需要閱讀Kubernetes用戶指南.

部署條件

一個正常工作Kubernetes集群??梢允?minikube 集群。

集群信息介紹

[root@kubm-02 traefik]# kubectl  get nodes -o wide
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP      
kubm-01      Ready    master   13d   v1.15.1   172.20.101.157   
kubm-02      Ready    master   13d   v1.15.1   172.20.101.164   
kubm-03      Ready    master   13d   v1.15.1   172.20.101.165   
kubnode-01   Ready    <none>   13d   v1.15.1   172.20.101.160   
kubnode-02   Ready    <none>   13d   v1.15.1   172.20.101.166   
kubnode-03   Ready    <none>   13d   v1.15.1   172.20.101.167  

創(chuàng)建用戶訪問規(guī)則

Kubernetes在1.6+中引入了基于角色的訪問控制(RBAC),以允許對Kubernetes資源和API進(jìn)行細(xì)粒度控制。
如果您的群集配置了RBAC,則需要授權(quán)Traefik使用Kubernetes API。有兩種方法可以設(shè)置適當(dāng)?shù)臋?quán)限:通過特定于命名空間的RoleBindings或單個全局ClusterRoleBinding。
每個命名空間的RoleBinding可以限制授予權(quán)限,只有Traefik正在監(jiān)視的名稱空間才能使用,從而遵循最小權(quán)限原則。如果Traefik不應(yīng)該監(jiān)視所有名稱空間,并且名稱空間集不會動態(tài)更改,那么這是首選方法。否則,必須使用單個ClusterRoleBinding。

ClusterRoleBinding:

---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
      - endpoints
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
  namespace: kube-system

[root@kubm-02 ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/traefik-rbac.yaml

返回

clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/traefik-ingress-controller created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/traefik-ingress-controller created

部署方式

差異

Deployment 部署的副本 Pod 會分布在各個 Node 上,每個 Node 都可能運(yùn)行好幾個副本。
DaemonSet的不同之處在于,每個 Node 上最多只能運(yùn)行一個副本。
本次采用DaemonSet方式部署

Deployment:
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/traefik-deployment.yaml

DaemonSet :
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/traefik-ds.yaml

驗證服務(wù)啟動:

查看服務(wù)信息

[root@kubm-02 traefik]# kubectl get rc,services -n kube-system 

NAME                              TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
...
service/traefik-ingress-service   ClusterIP   10.245.153.125   <none>        80/TCP,8080/TCP          3m42s
查看container 啟動狀態(tài)
[root@kubm-02 ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces  -o wide --selector=k8s-app=traefik-ingress-lb
NAMESPACE     NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP             NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kube-system   traefik-ingress-controller-4d29d   1/1     Running   0          19m   10.244.3.107   kubnode-01   <none>           <none>
kube-system   traefik-ingress-controller-mgljm   1/1     Running   0          19m   10.244.5.143   kubnode-03   <none>           <none>
kube-system   traefik-ingress-controller-wcd5z   1/1     Running   0          19m   10.244.4.126   kubnode-02   <none>           <none>

訪問traefik管理頁面

該服務(wù)將公開兩個允許訪問入口和Web界面的NodePort。

80 業(yè)務(wù)端口,后端服務(wù)啟動注冊到traefik后,寫hosts文件或者添加DNS 解析才能訪問;
8080 traefik 管理頁面,訪問node節(jié)點(diǎn)的IP地址:8080即可訪問;
例如:http://172.20.101.167:8080

注冊服務(wù)測試訪問:

首先創(chuàng)建一個服務(wù)和一個將公開Traefik Web UI的Ingress

部署服務(wù):

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: traefik-web-ui
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
  ports:
  - name: web
    port: 80
    targetPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: traefik-web-ui
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  rules:
  - host: traefik-ui.minikube
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: traefik-web-ui
          servicePort: web

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/ui.yaml

任務(wù)執(zhí)行完成,在/etc/hosts文件中將traefik-ui.minikube指向一個node節(jié)點(diǎn)
IP地址,然后瀏覽器訪問:http://traefik-ui.minikube
或者
先打開traefik管理頁面,通過curl訪問,health 頁面可以看到請求,指命令如下:

[root@kubm-02 ~]# curl http://172.20.101.166 --user-agent "Mozilla/5.0" -H "Host:traefik-ui.minikube"
<a href="/dashboard/">Found</a>.

使用basic驗證

創(chuàng)造秘密

A. htpasswd用于創(chuàng)建包含用戶名和MD5編碼密碼的文件:
yum install httpd -y
htpasswd -c ./auth myusername
系統(tǒng)將提示您輸入密碼,您必須輸入兩次密碼。 htpasswd將使用以下內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建一個文件:

[root@kubm-02 traefik]# more auth 
myusername:$apr1$3yj4XbDF$4ekQISLfP8HyX9nYH3x9E.

B.現(xiàn)在使用kubectl創(chuàng)建monitoring的文件在命名空間中創(chuàng)建一個秘密htpasswd。

[root@kubm-02 traefik]# kubectl create namespace  monitoring
namespace/monitoring created

[root@kubm-02 traefik]# kubectl create secret generic mysecret --from-file auth --namespace=monitoring
secret/mysecret created

注意: Secret必須與Ingress對象位于相同的名稱空間中。

C.將以下注釋附加到Ingress對象:

traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: "basic"
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: "mysecret"

它們指定基本身份驗證并引用mysecret包含憑據(jù)的Secret 。

以下是基于普羅米修斯的完整Ingress示例:

cat >prometheus-ingress.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
 name: prometheus-dashboard
 namespace: monitoring
 annotations:
   kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
   traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: "basic"
   traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: "mysecret"
spec:
 rules:
 - host: dashboard.prometheus.example.com
   http:
     paths:
     - backend:
         serviceName: prometheus
         servicePort: 9090
EOF

kubectl create -f prometheus-ingress.yaml -n monitoring

基于域名路由

首先啟動3個web站點(diǎn)
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: stilton
  labels:
    app: cheese
    cheese: stilton
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: cheese
      task: stilton
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: cheese
        task: stilton
        version: v0.0.1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: cheese
        image: errm/cheese:stilton
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: cheddar
  labels:
    app: cheese
    cheese: cheddar
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: cheese
      task: cheddar
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: cheese
        task: cheddar
        version: v0.0.1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: cheese
        image: errm/cheese:cheddar
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: wensleydale
  labels:
    app: cheese
    cheese: wensleydale
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: cheese
      task: wensleydale
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: cheese
        task: wensleydale
        version: v0.0.1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: cheese
        image: errm/cheese:wensleydale
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/cheese-deployments.yaml
驗證服務(wù)器啟動
[root@kubm-02 traefik]# kubectl get pods 
NAME                          READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
cheddar-845749dbd6-vht86      0/1     ContainerCreating   0          64s
cheddar-845749dbd6-z4zn6      1/1     Running             0          64s
curl-6bf6db5c4f-96nhg         1/1     Running             1          46h
stilton-f89c97cdb-dtgbx       1/1     Running             0          64s
stilton-f89c97cdb-nlhn5       1/1     Running             0          64s
wensleydale-7c5ff658b-lq5tn   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          64s
wensleydale-7c5ff658b-ps56g   1/1     Running             0          64s

為每個站點(diǎn)設(shè)置一個服務(wù)。

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: stilton
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    targetPort: 80
    port: 80
  selector:
    app: cheese
    task: stilton
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: cheddar
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    targetPort: 80
    port: 80
  selector:
    app: cheese
    task: cheddar
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: wensleydale
  annotations:
    traefik.backend.circuitbreaker: "NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5"
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    targetPort: 80
    port: 80
  selector:
    app: cheese
    task: wensleydale

OR

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/cheese-services.yaml
驗證服務(wù)器啟動
[root@kubm-02 traefik]# kubectl get svc  --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                      TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
default       cheddar                   ClusterIP   10.245.80.192    <none>        80/TCP                   50s
default       stilton                   ClusterIP   10.245.177.114   <none>        80/TCP                   50s
default       wensleydale               ClusterIP   10.245.242.131   <none>        80/TCP                   50s

注意:我們還通過在服務(wù)上設(shè)置注釋來為其中一個后端設(shè)置斷路器表達(dá)式traefik.backend.circuitbreaker。

將網(wǎng)站提注冊到traefik

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/cheese-ingress.yaml
驗證:

任務(wù)執(zhí)行完成可以在traefik 管理頁面看到新的域名已經(jīng)注冊到traefik,寫hosts文件在瀏覽器可以訪問:

hosts 文件信息

172.20.101.166 stilton.minikube
172.20.101.166 cheddar.minikube
172.20.101.166 wensleydale.minikube

瀏覽器訪問:

http://stilton.minikube
http://cheddar.minikube
http://wensleydale.minikube

基于路徑的路由

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: cheeses
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
    traefik.frontend.rule.type: PathPrefixStrip
spec:
  rules:
  - host: cheeses.minikube
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /stilton
        backend:
          serviceName: stilton
          servicePort: http
      - path: /cheddar
        backend:
          serviceName: cheddar
          servicePort: http
      - path: /wensleydale
        backend:
          serviceName: wensleydale
          servicePort: http

OR

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/cheeses-ingress.yaml

#寫 host
echo "172.20.101.166 cheeses.minikube" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts

#訪問驗證
http://cheeses.minikube/cheddar
http://cheeses.minikube/stilton
http://cheeses.minikube/wensleydale

注意:配置Traefik以使用traefik.frontend.rule.type注釋從url路徑中去除前綴??,以便我們可以使用前一個示例中的容器而無需修改。

指定路由優(yōu)先級

有時您需要為入口路由指定優(yōu)先級,尤其是在處理通配符路由時。這可以通過添加traefik.frontend.priority注釋來完成,即:


apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: wildcard-cheeses
  annotations:
    traefik.frontend.priority: "1"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: *.minikube
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: stilton
          servicePort: http

kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: specific-cheeses
  annotations:
    traefik.frontend.priority: "2"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: specific.minikube
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: stilton
          servicePort: http

請注意,必須引用優(yōu)先級值以避免數(shù)字解釋(對于注釋是非法的)。

轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到擴(kuò)展域名

指定擴(kuò)展域名時,Traefik會相應(yīng)地將請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給給定主機(jī),并在服務(wù)端口與443匹配時使用HTTPS。這仍然需要在服務(wù)上從Ingress端口到(外部)服務(wù)端口設(shè)置正確的端口映射。

禁用傳遞主機(jī)頭,默認(rèn)情況下,Traefik會將傳入的主機(jī)頭傳遞給上游資源。但是,有時可能不希望出現(xiàn)這種情況。例如,如果您的服務(wù)屬于需要使用很多域名的類型。

禁用方法

1:全局禁用:
將以下內(nèi)容添加到TOML配置文件中:

disablePassHostHeaders = true

2:每個Ingress禁用:
要禁用每個入口資源傳遞主機(jī)標(biāo)頭traefik.frontend.passHostHeader,請將入口上的注釋設(shè)置為"false"。

示例定義:

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: example
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
    traefik.frontend.passHostHeader: "false"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: example.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /static
        backend:
          serviceName: static
          servicePort: https
以及一個示例服務(wù)定義:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: static
spec:
  ports:
  - name: https
    port: 443
  type: ExternalName
  externalName: static.otherdomain.com

如果您要訪問example.com/static該請求,那么將傳遞給static.otherdomain.com/static,static.otherdomain.com并將收到帶有Host頭的請求static.otherdomain.com。

注意:
每個入口注釋會覆蓋設(shè)置為全局值的任何內(nèi)容。所以,你可以設(shè)置disablePassHostHeaders到true您的TOML配置文件,然后使通過每一個想要的域名訪問。

部署多個Traefik

一般部署兩種不同類型的traefik:

面向內(nèi)部(internal)服務(wù)的traefik,建議可以使用deployment的方式
面向外部(external)服務(wù)的traefik,建議可以使用daemonset的方式

建議使用traffic-type標(biāo)簽

traffic-type: external
traffic-type: internal

traefik相應(yīng)地使用labelSelector

traffic-type=internal
traffic-type=external

負(fù)載權(quán)重分配

可以使用服務(wù)權(quán)重在多個部署之間以細(xì)粒度方式拆分Ingress流量。讓較新版本的部署將隨著時間的推移接收最初較小但不斷增加的請求部分。在Traefik中可以這樣做的方法是指定應(yīng)該進(jìn)入每個部署的請求的百分比。

例如,假設(shè)一個應(yīng)用程序my-app在版本1中運(yùn)行。較新的版本2即將發(fā)布,但對生產(chǎn)中運(yùn)行的新版本的穩(wěn)健性和可靠性的信心只能逐漸獲得。因此,my-app-canary創(chuàng)建新部署并將其縮放到足以獲得1%流量份額的副本計數(shù)。與此同時,像往常一樣創(chuàng)建一個Service對象。

Ingress規(guī)范看起來像這樣:

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service-weights: |
      my-app: 99%
      my-app-canary: 1%
  name: my-app
spec:
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: my-app
          servicePort: 80
        path: /
      - backend:
          serviceName: my-app-canary
          servicePort: 80
        path: /

traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service-weights注釋:它指定引用的后端服務(wù)之間的請求分配,my-app以及my-app-canary。根據(jù)這一定義,Traefik將99%的請求路由到my-app部署支持的pod ,并將1%的請求路由到支持的pod my-app-canary。隨著時間的推移,該比例可能會慢慢轉(zhuǎn)向金絲雀部署,直到它被認(rèn)為取代之前的主要應(yīng)用程序,步驟如5%/ 95%,10%/ 90%,50%/ 50%,最后100%/ 0%。

負(fù)載權(quán)重分配、優(yōu)化配置

指定服務(wù)權(quán)重時,出于方便原因,可以省略一個服務(wù)。
例如,以下定義顯示了如何在金絲雀發(fā)布伴隨基線部署的情況下拆分請求,以便更輕松地進(jìn)行指標(biāo)比較或自動化金絲雀分析:

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service-weights: |
      my-app-canary: 10%
      my-app-baseline: 10%
  name: app
spec:
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: my-app-canary
          servicePort: 80
        path: /
      - backend:
          serviceName: my-app-baseline
          servicePort: 80
        path: /
      - backend:
          serviceName: my-app-main
          servicePort: 80
        path: /
此配置my-app-main自動分配80%的流量,從而使用戶無需手動完成百分比值。當(dāng)連續(xù)增加金絲雀釋放的份額時,這變得很方便。

使用Traefik舵表部署?
注意

Helm Chart由社區(qū)維護(hù),而不是Traefik項目維護(hù)人員。

您也可以使用Traefik Helm圖表,而不是直接通過Kubernetes對象安裝Traefik。

通過以下方式安裝Traefik圖表:

helm install stable/traefik
使用values.yaml文件安裝Traefik圖表。

helm install --values values.yaml stable/traefik

dashboard:
enabled: true
domain: traefik-ui.minikube
kubernetes:
namespaces:

  • default
  • kube-system
    有關(guān)更多信息,請查看文檔。

清理測試環(huán)境

kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/cheeses-ingress.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/cheese-ingress.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/cheese-services.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/cheese-deployments.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/ui.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/traefik-ds.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containous/traefik/v1.7/examples/k8s/traefik-rbac.yaml

參考文檔:

https://docs.traefik.io/user-guide/kubernetes/
https://github.com/containous/traefik/tree/v1.7.14
https://juejin.im/post/5b46119ce51d455d94713787

名稱欄目:kubernetesIngress之Traefik各種姿勢
分享路徑:http://bm7419.com/article40/jdcpeo.html

成都網(wǎng)站建設(shè)公司_創(chuàng)新互聯(lián),為您提供關(guān)鍵詞優(yōu)化、用戶體驗、建站公司、定制網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計公司網(wǎng)站維護(hù)

廣告

聲明:本網(wǎng)站發(fā)布的內(nèi)容(圖片、視頻和文字)以用戶投稿、用戶轉(zhuǎn)載內(nèi)容為主,如果涉及侵權(quán)請盡快告知,我們將會在第一時間刪除。文章觀點(diǎn)不代表本網(wǎng)站立場,如需處理請聯(lián)系客服。電話:028-86922220;郵箱:631063699@qq.com。內(nèi)容未經(jīng)允許不得轉(zhuǎn)載,或轉(zhuǎn)載時需注明來源: 創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)

成都定制網(wǎng)站網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計