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編譯安裝腳本
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel libtirpc-devel libaio-devel openssl openssl-devel 增加mysql用戶 groupadd -g 1101 mysql ; useradd -u 1101 -g mysql mysql ; mkdir -p /opt/mysql mkdir -p /data/mysqldata mkdir -p /log/mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysqldata chown -R mysql.mysql /log/mysql 下載mysql和rpcsvc cd /tmp wget https://github.com/thkukuk/rpcsvc-proto/releases/download/v1.4/rpcsvc-proto-1.4.tar.gz tar zxvf rpcsvc-proto-1.4.tar.gz cd rpcsvc-proto-1.4 ./configure make make install cd /tmp wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.17.tar.gz 安裝mysql tar zxvf mysql-boost-8.0.17.tar.gz cd mysql-8.0.17 cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql \ -DINSTALL_PLUGINDIR=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysqldata \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \ -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release \ -DWITH_SSL=system \ -DWITH_ZLIB=system \ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo \ -DWITH_BOOST=/tmp/mysql-8.0.17/boost/boost_1_69_0 \ -DFORCE_INSOURCE_BUILD=1 make -j 4 make install 設(shè)置配置文件 mkdir -p /opt/mysql/etc cat >/opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf <<EOF [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysqldata/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysqldata/mysql.sock datadir=/data/mysqldata/ basedir=/opt/mysql mysqlx=0 #innodb innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysqldata innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1000M innodb_buffer_pool_instances=1 innodb_file_per_table=on #innodb log innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysqldata innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M innodb_log_files_in_group=4 #innodb zero data lost variables innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_doublewrite=on sync_binlog=1 master-info-repository=table relay-log-info-repository=table #tx commit action is heavy action autocommit=on transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED lower_case_table_names=1 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 #character init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4' character_set_server=utf8mb4 #collation_server=utf8mb4_general_ci open_files_limit = 65535 #gtid server_id=791 gtid_mode=on enforce_gtid_consistency=on master_info_repository=table relay_log_info_repository=table #connect max_connections = 2000 max_connect_errors=9999999 #sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION' #memory #query_cache_size = 0M #query_cache_type=0 #mysql log binlog_format=row log_bin = binlog log_timestamps=system log_output='file,table' log_error=/log/mysql/error.log general_log=off general_log_file=/log/mysql/general_.log relay_log = /log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.log relay_log_purge =off max_binlog_size = 256M log_slave_updates=on binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 604800 slow_query_log_file=/log/mysql/slow.log slow_query_log=on long_query_time=1 skip_name_resolve=on #slave #skip_slave_start slave-skip-errors=1062 replicate_ignore_db=mysql replicate_wild_ignore_table=mysql.% #resource max_allowed_packet = 128M innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 #use audit binlog_rows_query_log_events=on EOF 修改目錄權(quán)限和初始化mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysqldata chown -R mysql.mysql /log/mysql /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql 將mysql設(shè)置為開機(jī)自動啟動 cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld systemctl enable mysqld.service #chkconfig --add mysqld 重啟mysql systemctl restart mysqld.service
使用了mysql的分區(qū),覺得最不爽的是mysql partition 限制:
A UNIQUE INDEX must include all columns in the table's partitioning function
A PRIMARY KEY must include all columns in the table's partitioning function
意思就是:用于分區(qū)的column 必須是主鍵列,或者主鍵的其中幾個列,或者是唯一鍵列。無論創(chuàng)建何種類型的分區(qū),如果表中存在主鍵或唯一索引時,分區(qū)列必須是唯一索引的一個組成部分。也不清楚作者這樣設(shè)計的初衷是什么。比如以下的寫法就是有語法錯誤:
CREATE TABLE t1 ( col1 INT NOT NULL, col2 DATE NOT NULL, col3 INT NOT NULL, col4 INT NOT NULL, UNIQUE KEY (col1, col2) ) PARTITION BY HASH(col3) PARTITIONS 4; CREATE TABLE t2 ( col1 INT NOT NULL, col2 DATE NOT NULL, col3 INT NOT NULL, col4 INT NOT NULL, UNIQUE KEY (col1), UNIQUE KEY (col3) ) PARTITION BY HASH(col1 + col3) PARTITIONS 4;
這樣會大大限制mysql分區(qū)使用范圍。
1.range 分區(qū),頻繁使用。 基于屬于一個給定連續(xù)區(qū)間的列值,把多行分配給分區(qū)。
CREATE TABLE employees ( id INT NOT NULL, fname VARCHAR(30), lname VARCHAR(30), hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01', separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31', job_code INT NOT NULL, store_id INT NOT NULL ) PARTITION BY RANGE (store_id) ( PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (6), PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (11), PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (16), PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (21) );
2. list 分區(qū),比較少使用。類似于按RANGE分區(qū),區(qū)別在于LIST分區(qū)是基于列值匹配一個離散值集合中的某個值來進(jìn)行選擇。
CREATE TABLE employees ( id INT NOT NULL, fname VARCHAR(30), lname VARCHAR(30), hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01', separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31', job_code INT, store_id INT ) PARTITION BY LIST(store_id) ( PARTITION pNorth VALUES IN (3,5,6,9,17), PARTITION pEast VALUES IN (1,2,10,11,19,20), PARTITION pWest VALUES IN (4,12,13,14,18), PARTITION pCentral VALUES IN (7,8,15,16) );
注意看上面,都是沒有主鍵,沒有唯一鍵的。
3.HASH分區(qū),頻繁使用:基于用戶定義的表達(dá)式的返回值來進(jìn)行選擇的分區(qū),該表達(dá)式使用將要插入到表中的這些行的列值進(jìn)行計算。這個函數(shù)可以包含MySQL 中有效的、產(chǎn)生非負(fù)整數(shù)值的任何表達(dá)式。
CREATE TABLE employees ( id INT NOT NULL, fname VARCHAR(30), lname VARCHAR(30), hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01', separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31', job_code INT, store_id INT ) PARTITION BY HASH( YEAR(hired) ) PARTITIONS 4;
4.KEY分區(qū):類似于按HASH分區(qū),區(qū)別在于KEY分區(qū)只支持計算一列或多列,且MySQL服務(wù)器提供其自身的哈希函數(shù)。必須有一列或多列包含整數(shù)值。
CREATE TABLE k1 ( id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(20) ) PARTITION BY KEY() PARTITIONS 2; CREATE TABLE k1 ( id INT NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(20), UNIQUE KEY (id) )PARTITION BY KEY() PARTITIONS 2;
上面兩個例子你會覺得很奇怪,都沒有指定分區(qū)列。mysql默認(rèn)就使用了唯一鍵來做了分區(qū)。
1)當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)量很大(過T)時,肯定不能把數(shù)據(jù)再如到內(nèi)存中,這樣查詢一個或一定范圍的item是很耗時。另外一般這情況下,歷史數(shù)據(jù)或不常訪問的數(shù)據(jù)占很大部分,最新或熱點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)占的比例不是很大。這時可以根據(jù)有些條件進(jìn)行表分區(qū)。
2)分區(qū)表的更易管理,比如刪除過去某一時間的歷史數(shù)據(jù),直接執(zhí)行truncate,或者狠點(diǎn)drop整個分區(qū),這比detele刪除效率更高
3)當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)量很大,或者將來很大的,但單塊磁盤的容量不夠,或者想提升IO效率的時候,可以把沒分區(qū)中的子分區(qū)掛載到不同的磁盤上。
4)使用分區(qū)表可避免某些特殊的瓶頸,例如Innodb的單個索引的互斥訪問..
5)單個分區(qū)表的備份很恢復(fù)會更有效率,在某些場景下
6)涉及到例如SUM()和COUNT()這樣聚合函數(shù)的查詢,可以很容易地進(jìn)行并行處理。
這種查詢的一個簡單例子如
“SELECT salesperson_id, COUNT (orders) as order_total FROM sales GROUP BY salesperson_id;”。
通過“并行”,這意味著該查詢可以在每個分區(qū)上同時進(jìn)行,最終結(jié)果只需通過總計所有分區(qū)得到的結(jié)果。
表分區(qū)了,查詢where必須帶上分區(qū)鍵,否則使用不到分區(qū)的好處了。我們來看下例子:
CREATE TABLE part_tab (c1 int default NULL, c2 varchar(30) default NULL, c3 date not null) PARTITION BY RANGE(year(c3)) (PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1995), PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1996) , PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1997) , PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (1998) , PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (1999) , PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN (2000) , PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN (2001) , PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN (2002) , PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN (2003) , PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (2004) , PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN (2010), PARTITION p11 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE) ); CREATE TABLE no_part_tab(c1 int default NULL, c2 varchar(30) default NULL, c3 date not null); drop procedure load_part_tab; delimiter $$ CREATE PROCEDURE load_part_tab() begin declare v int default 0; while v < 8000000 do insert into part_tab values (v,'testingpartitions',adddate('1995-01-01',(rand(v)*36520)mod 3652)); set v = v + 1; end while; end;$$ delimiter ; call load_part_tab(); //從 part_tab 導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)到 no_part_tab insert into no_part_tab select * from part_tab;
創(chuàng)建了2個表,數(shù)據(jù)都是800萬。
一個表no_part_tab的大小是428M。在這里另外
mysql> explain select count(*) from part_tab where c3 > date '1995-01-01'and c3 < date '1995-12-31'; +----+-------------+----------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+----------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | part_tab | p1 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 796215 | 11.11 | Using where | +----+-------------+----------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+----------+-------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> explain select count(*) from no_part_tab where c3 > date '1995-01-01'and c3 < date '1995-12-31'; +----+-------------+-------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | no_part_tab | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 7773613 | 11.11 | Using where | +----+-------------+-------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+----------+-------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> select count(*) from part_tab where c3 > date '1995-01-01'and c3 < date '1995-12-31'; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 795181 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.39 sec) mysql> select count(*) from no_part_tab where c3 > date '1995-01-01'and c3 < date '1995-12-31'; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 795181 | +----------+ 1 row in set (2.94 sec)
查詢時間和掃描的行數(shù),高下可判。
序號 | 常見操作 | 舉例 | 備注 |
1 | 刪除分區(qū) | 1) aher table emp drop partition p1; 2) 一次性刪除各個區(qū):alter table emp drop partition p1,p2; 3) 刪除表的所有分區(qū):Alter table emp remove partitioning; |
1)不可以刪除hash或者kev分區(qū)。 2)刪除分區(qū)會刪除數(shù)據(jù),但是刪除表的所有分區(qū)--不會丟失數(shù)據(jù)(驗證ok) |
2 | 增加分區(qū) | alter table emp add partition (partition p1 values less than (24)); alter table emp add partition partition p3 values in (40)); |
1)增加分區(qū)的值只能增加,不能比現(xiàn)在所擁有的分區(qū)值低 |
3 | 分解分區(qū) | alter table emp reorganize partition p2 into (partition p1 values less than (6), partition p2 values less than (16)); |
reorganize partition關(guān)鍵字可以對表的部分分區(qū)或全部分區(qū)進(jìn)行修 改,并且不會丟失數(shù)據(jù)。分解前后分區(qū)的整體范圍應(yīng)該一致。 |
4 | 合并分區(qū) | alter table emp reorganize partition p1,p3 into (partition p1 values less than (1000)); | 不會丟失數(shù)據(jù) |
5 | 重新定義分區(qū) | 重新定義Hash分區(qū):Alter table emp partition by hash(salary) partitions 7; 重新定義Range分區(qū): Alter table emp partition by range(id) (partition p1 values less than (2000), partition p2 values less than (4000)); |
相當(dāng)于刪除重建。 |
分享標(biāo)題:mysql8.0.17分區(qū)特性測試
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