homeworkweek03-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)

本周作業(yè)內(nèi)容：

創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)建站致力于成都網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)、成都網(wǎng)站建設(shè),成都網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì),集團(tuán)網(wǎng)站建設(shè)等服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，推過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化降低中小企業(yè)的建站的成本，并持續(xù)提升建站的定制化服務(wù)水平進(jìn)行質(zhì)量交付，讓企業(yè)網(wǎng)站從市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中脫穎而出。選擇創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)建站，就選擇了安全、穩(wěn)定、美觀的網(wǎng)站建設(shè)服務(wù)！

1、列出當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)上所有已經(jīng)登錄的用戶(hù)的用戶(hù)名，注意：同一個(gè)用戶(hù)登錄多次，則只顯示一次即可。

[root@captain ~]# who | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort -u icheck oracle root

2、取出最后登錄到當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)的用戶(hù)的相關(guān)信息。

[root@captain shell]# cat getuserinfo.sh #!/bin/bash # author: Felix Ruan # get user basic information # date:20160820 # v1.0 if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then echo "only root can execute this script" exit 1 fi readonly User=${1:-`last | head -1 | cut -d' ' -f1`} readonly PASSWD=/etc/passwd function getuginfo() { echo "basic information for last login user: $1" echo "user name: `id -nu $1`, uid: `id -u $1`" echo "group name: `id -ng $1`, gid: `id -g $1`" } function gethome() { echo "user home: `grep -w ^$1 $PASSWD | cut -d':' -f6`" } function getshell() { local ushell=`grep -w "^$1" $PASSWD | cut -d':' -f7` case $ushell in *sh) echo "user shell: $ushell";; "") echo "user shell: /bin/sh";; *) ;; esac } function pwdinfo() { echo "password expiry information:" chage -l $1 | egrep -e '(Password|Account) expires' -e 'Maximum number' } function main() { getuginfo $1 echo '-------------------------------' gethome $1 echo '-------------------------------' getshell $1 echo '-------------------------------' pwdinfo $1 echo } main $User [root@captain shell]# sh getuserinfo.sh basic information for last login user: oracle user name: oracle, uid: 500 group name: dba, gid: 500 ------------------------------- user home: /root/oracle ------------------------------- user shell: /bin/bash ------------------------------- password expiry information: Password expires : never Account expires : never Maximum number of days between password change : 99999

3、取出當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)上被用戶(hù)當(dāng)作其默認(rèn)shell的最多的那個(gè)shell。

[root@captain ~]# awk -F":" 'BEGIN{printf("Shell\t\tCount\n")}\ > {a[$NF]++}END{\ > for(i in a)\ > if(i~/sh$/)\ > {if(a[i]>cnt) cnt=a[i];sh=i}\ > {printf("%s\t%d\n", sh, cnt)}}' /etc/passwd Shell Count /bin/bash 7 [root@captain ~]#

4、將/etc/passwd 中的第三個(gè)字段數(shù)值大的后10個(gè)用戶(hù)的信息全部改為大寫(xiě)后保存至/tmp/maxusers.txt文件中。

[root@captain ~]# cat /etc/passwd | sort -t':' -k3 -n | tail -10 > /tmp/maxusers.txt [root@captain ~]# cat /tmp/maxusers.txt postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin dhcpd:x:177:177:DHCP server:/:/sbin/nologin nginx:x:497:497:nginx user:/var/cache/nginx:/sbin/nologin mongod:x:498:498:mongod:/var/lib/mongo:/bin/false saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin oracle:x:500:500::/home/oracle:/bin/bash icheck:x:501:500::/home/icheck:/bin/bash nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

5、取出當(dāng)前主機(jī)的IP地址，提示：對(duì)ifconfig命令的結(jié)果進(jìn)行切分。

[root@captain ~]# for nic in `ifconfig -a | cut -d' ' -f1 | grep -v 'lo'` > do > ifconfig $nic | grep 'inet addr' |\ > awk -v var=$nic -F'[:| ]+' '{printf("%s: %s\n", var, $4)}' > done eth0: 192.168.162.134 eth2: 192.168.1.10 eth2:0: 192.168.10.10 [root@captain ~]#

6、列出/etc目錄下所有以.conf結(jié)尾的文件的文件名，并將其名字轉(zhuǎn)換為大寫(xiě)后保存至/tmp/etc.conf文件中。

[root@captain etc]# ls *.conf asound.conf gai.conf libuser.conf numad.conf sos.conf autofs.conf grub.conf logrotate.conf oddjobd.conf sudo.conf autofs_ldap_auth.conf gssapi_mech.conf ltrace.conf pm-utils-hd-apm-restore.conf sudo-ldap.conf cas.conf host.conf mke2fs.conf prelink.conf sysctl.conf cgconfig.conf idmapd.conf mongod.conf readahead.conf Trolltech.conf cgrules.conf kdump.conf named.conf request-key.conf updatedb.conf cgsnapshot_blacklist.conf krb5.conf nfsmount.conf resolv.conf warnquota.conf dracut.conf latrace.conf nsswitch.conf rsyslog.conf xinetd.conf elinks.conf ld.so.conf ntp1.conf sestatus.conf yp.conf fprintd.conf libaudit.conf ntp.conf smartd.conf yum.conf [root@captain etc]# ls *.conf | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' > /tmp/etc.conf [root@captain etc]# cat /tmp/etc.conf ASOUND.CONF AUTOFS.CONF AUTOFS_LDAP_AUTH.CONF CAS.CONF CGCONFIG.CONF CGRULES.CONF CGSNAPSHOT_BLACKLIST.CONF DRACUT.CONF ELINKS.CONF FPRINTD.CONF GAI.CONF GRUB.CONF GSSAPI_MECH.CONF HOST.CONF IDMAPD.CONF KDUMP.CONF KRB5.CONF LATRACE.CONF LD.SO.CONF LIBAUDIT.CONF LIBUSER.CONF LOGROTATE.CONF LTRACE.CONF MKE2FS.CONF MONGOD.CONF NAMED.CONF NFSMOUNT.CONF NSSWITCH.CONF NTP1.CONF NTP.CONF NUMAD.CONF ODDJOBD.CONF PM-UTILS-HD-APM-RESTORE.CONF PRELINK.CONF READAHEAD.CONF REQUEST-KEY.CONF RESOLV.CONF RSYSLOG.CONF SESTATUS.CONF SMARTD.CONF SOS.CONF SUDO.CONF SUDO-LDAP.CONF SYSCTL.CONF TROLLTECH.CONF UPDATEDB.CONF WARNQUOTA.CONF XINETD.CONF YP.CONF YUM.CONF

7、顯示/var目錄下一級(jí)子目錄或文件的總個(gè)數(shù)。

[root@captain ~]# ls /var/ account crash db ftp lib lock mail nis preserve spool www cache cvs empty games local log named opt run tmp yp [root@captain ~]# ls /var/ | wc -l 22

8、取出/etc/group文件中第三個(gè)字段數(shù)值最小的10個(gè)組的名字。

[root@captain etc]# sort -t':' -k3 -n /etc/group | head -10 | cut -d':' -f1 root bin daemon sys adm tty disk lp mem kmem

9、將/etc/fstab和/etc/issue文件的內(nèi)容合并為同一個(gè)內(nèi)容后保存至/tmp/etc.test文件中。

[root@captain ~]# cat /etc/fstab /etc/issue > /tmp/etc.test [root@captain ~]# cat /tmp/etc.test # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sun Feb 28 19:13:12 2016 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=269efa02-c94a-42b2-8088-e223080e9f87 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 CentOS release 6.6 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m

10、請(qǐng)總結(jié)描述用戶(hù)和組管理類(lèi)命令的使用方法并完成以下練習(xí)：

(1)、創(chuàng)建組distro，其GID為2016；

[root@captain ~]# groupadd -g 2016 distro

(2)、創(chuàng)建用戶(hù)mandriva, 其ID號(hào)為1005；基本組為distro；

[root@captain ~]# useradd -u 1005 -g distro mandriva

(3)、創(chuàng)建用戶(hù)mageia，其ID號(hào)為1100，家目錄為/home/linux;

[root@captain ~]# useradd -u 1100 -d /home/linux mageia

(4)、給用戶(hù)mageia添加密碼，密碼為mageedu；

[root@captain ~]# echo 'mageedu' | passwd --stdin mageia Changing password for user mageia. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

(5)、刪除mandriva，但保留其家目錄；

[root@captain ~]# userdel mandriva [root@captain ~]# ls -d /home/mandriva/ /home/mandriva/

(6)、創(chuàng)建用戶(hù)slackware，其ID號(hào)為2002，基本組為distro，附加組peguin；

[root@captain ~]# groupadd peguin [root@captain ~]# useradd -u 2002 -g distro -G peguin slackware

(7)、修改slackware的默認(rèn)shell為/bin/tcsh；

[root@captain ~]# grep '^slackware' /etc/passwd slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/bash [root@captain ~]# chsh -s /bin/tcsh slackware Changing shell for slackware. Shell changed. [root@captain ~]# grep '^slackware' /etc/passwd slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh

(8)、為用戶(hù)slackware新增附加組admins；

[root@captain home]# id slackware uid=2002(slackware) gid=2016(distro) groups=2016(distro),2017(peguin) [root@captain ~]# groupadd admins [root@captain ~]# usermod -aG admins slackware [root@captain home]# id slackware uid=2002(slackware) gid=2016(distro) groups=2016(distro),2017(peguin),2018(admins)

(9)、為slackware添加密碼，且要求密碼最短使用期限為3天，最長(zhǎng)為180天，警告為3天；

[root@captain ~]# echo "magedu123" | passwd --stdin slackware Changing password for user slackware. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@captain ~]# chage -l slackware Last password change : Aug 20, 2016 Password expires : never Password inactive : never Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 0 Maximum number of days between password change : 99999 Number of days of warning before password expires : 7 [root@captain ~]# chage -m 3 -M 180 -W 3 slackware [root@captain ~]# chage -l slackware Last password change : Aug 20, 2016 Password expires : Feb 16, 2017 Password inactive : never Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 3 Maximum number of days between password change : 180 Number of days of warning before password expires : 3

(10)、添加用戶(hù)openstack，其ID號(hào)為3003, 基本組為clouds，附加組為peguin和nova；

[root@captain ~]# groupadd clouds [root@captain ~]# groupadd nova [root@captain ~]# useradd -u 3003 -g clouds -G peguin,nova openstack [root@captain ~]# id openstack uid=3003(openstack) gid=2019(clouds) groups=2019(clouds),2017(peguin),2020(nova)

(11)、添加系統(tǒng)用戶(hù)mysql，要求其shell為/sbin/nologin；

# 系統(tǒng)上已有mysql用戶(hù)，使用MySQL代替 [root@captain ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin MySQL [root@captain ~]# grep '^MySQL' /etc/passwd MySQL:x:496:496::/home/MySQL:/sbin/nologin

(12)、使用echo命令，非交互式為openstack添加密碼。

[root@captain ~]# echo 'magedu123' | passwd --stdin openstack Changing password for user openstack. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

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